第16章波動
Introductionはじめに
OpenStax / Rice University, University Physics Volume 1, CC BY 4.0. Source-book artwork retained. · CC BY 4.0 · Source出典
Figure 16.1図 16.1
From the world of renewable energy sources comes the electric power-generating buoy. Although there are many versions, this one converts the up-and-down motion, as well as side-to-side motion, of the buoy into rotational motion in order to turn an electric generator, which stores the energy in batteries.
英語のヒント
再生可能エネルギーの分野から生まれた、発電ブイ。さまざまな形式があるが、これはブイの上下運動と左右の運動を回転運動に変えて発電機を回し、得たエネルギーを電池に蓄える。
In this chapter, we study the physics of wave motion. We concentrate on mechanical waves, which are disturbances that move through a medium such as air or water. Like simple harmonic motion studied in the preceding chapter, the energy transferred through the medium is proportional to the amplitude squared. Surface water waves in the ocean are transverse waves in which the energy of the wave travels horizontally while the water oscillates up and down due to some restoring force. In the picture above, a buoy is used to convert the awesome power of ocean waves into electricity. The up-and-down motion of the buoy generated as the waves pass is converted into rotational motion that turns a rotor in an electric generator. The generator charges batteries, which are in turn used to provide a consistent energy source for the end user. This model was successfully tested by the US Navy in a project to provide power to coastal security networks and was able to provide an average power of 350 W. The buoy survived the difficult ocean environment, including operation off the New Jersey coast through Hurricane Irene in 2011.
英語のヒント
この章では波動の物理を学ぶ。特に、空気や水などの媒質を伝わる乱れである力学的な波を扱う。前章の単振動と同様に、媒質を通じて伝わるエネルギーは振幅の2乗に比例する。海面の水面波は横波であり、水が復元力によって上下に振動する一方、波のエネルギーは水平方向へ進む。上の写真では、海の波の大きな力を電気に変えるためにブイを使っている。波の通過によるブイの上下運動は、発電機の回転子を回す運動に変換される。発電機で電池を充電し、電池から利用者へ安定したエネルギーを供給する。この機種は、沿岸警備ネットワークへ電力を供給する米海軍の計画で試験に成功し、平均350 Wを供給できた。2011年のハリケーン・アイリーンの際にもニュージャージー州沖で運転し、厳しい海洋環境に耐えた。
The concepts presented in this chapter will be the foundation for many interesting topics, from the transmission of information to the concepts of quantum mechanics.
英語のヒント
この章の概念は、情報の伝達から量子力学まで、多くの興味深い話題の基礎となる。